Basic Handbook of CNC Metal Machining Materials
Last updated: June 23, 2026
Common Metal Materials for CNC Machining
CNC machining is compatible with a wide range of metal materials. Below is a classification of frequently used grades:
I. Aluminum Alloys ⭐ (Most Widely Used)
| Grade | Characteristics | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| 6061 | Balanced overall performance, easy to machine, moderate cost | General structural parts, enclosures & housings |
| 6063 | Excellent surface finishing capability | Decorative components, extruded profiles |
| 7075 | Ultra-high strength (aerospace grade) | High-stress structural components |
| 2024 | High tensile strength, good fatigue resistance | Aerospace & aviation components |
| 5052 | Strong corrosion resistance, good bendability | Sheet metal fabricated parts |
II. Steels
- Stainless Steel: 304 (general-purpose corrosion resistant); 316 (superior corrosion resistance, for medical & marine environments); 303 (free-machining grade)
- Carbon Steel: Q235, 45# steel (good mechanical strength, cost-effective)
- Alloy Steel: 40Cr, 4140 (high tensile strength, wear-resistant)
- Tool Steel: SKD11, H13, P20 (for mold fabrication)
III. Copper & Copper Alloys
- Brass (H59 / H62): Easy machining, excellent electrical & thermal conductivity
- Pure Copper (T2): Outstanding electrical and thermal conductivity, used for electrodes & heat sinks
- Beryllium Copper: Superior elasticity and wear resistance
IV. Titanium & Titanium Alloys
- TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V): High strength, low density, outstanding corrosion resistance, excellent biocompatibility
- Applications: Aerospace components, medical implants, high-end precision parts
V. Other Metals
- Magnesium Alloy: Extreme lightweighting (automotive, consumer electronics)
- Nickel Alloy (Inconel): High-temperature resistance & corrosion resistance (aero-engine components)
- Zinc Alloy: Die-cast components
- Lead, Silver, Gold: Specialized custom applications
💡 Material Selection Guide
| Requirement | Recommended Materials |
|---|---|
| Cost performance / general use | 6061 Aluminum, 304 Stainless Steel |
| High strength & weight reduction | 7075 Aluminum, Titanium Alloy |
| Superior corrosion resistance | 316 Stainless Steel, Titanium Alloy |
| Electrical & thermal conduction | Pure Copper, Brass |
| Premium cosmetic appearance | 6063 Aluminum anodized finish |